Senin, 02 Mei 2011

VETERINARY ANATOMY


         Literally anatomy derived from the Greek word "Anatem" which means to open by slicing or decipher. Anatomy scientific sense to mean "science explained" the science that studies the shape and composition of the living body. So Animal Anatomy is the study of body shape and composition of domestic animals (Domesticated Animals), commonly known also by the term Veterinary Anatomy.
        When the various disciplines, known until recently grouped into the social sciences and natural sciences, the anatomy is domiciled in the natural sciences.
        The increased development of technology and breadth of coverage of the science of human controlled, also influenced the development of anatomy. Therefore, the division of anatomy experienced by some reason or views.
          The discovery of the microscope with all its development, causing the anatomy is divided into:
a. Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross Anatomy), which is now quite commonly referred to as "Anatomy". Further discussion in this diktat is the science explained that included in the category of gross anatomy.
b. Microscopisc Anatomy (Histology / Science Network), which explained that special knowledge using optical instrument in the form of a simple microscope to an electron microscope.
 
         Judging from the development and growth of living things, anatomy can be divided into:
a. Embryologi = embryology = studying fetal growth
b. Ontogeny = studying individual growth.
c. Phylogeny = science events / science sources/ilmu genealogy = studying the history of the origins of the group in the world of creatures or by evolutionary changes in various species. 

      Judging from the kinds of living creature beings who become the object of study, the anatomy is divided into:
a. Special Anatomy (Special Anatomy), learning is limited to only one type of creature, for example:
- Anthropotomy = Explained the science of human
- Kinotomy = science explained the dog
- Hippotomy = science explained horse
b. Comparative Anatomy (Comparative Anatomy), studied at the same time more than one type of creature as the object of study with emphasis on comparing the composition and form of beings to one another.

       
To support the needs of livestock science, then this is a more comparative anatomy presented. With linked to the professional nature, so he got the title as Animal Anatomy (Veterinary Anatomy) is the science which studies the shape and body composition of farm animals (domesticated animals).
Furthermore, to study the anatomy is usually taken with a three-way approach that is systematic, regional (topographical) and usefulness. With regard to these approaches, the anatomy is also divided into:
a. Systematic Anatomy, who studied a collection of tools that have a long body, shape, composition and function the same.
Systematic anatomy consists of:
- Osteology = the study of experience.
- Syndesmology / Arthrology = who studies the relationship between the bones and joints.
- Myology = studying muscle.
- Angiology = study the vascular system.
- Neurology = studying the nervous system.
- Splanchnology = learn the innards / internal organs.
- Aesthesiology = sensory learning tools, including leather and derivatives-derivation.
b. Topographic Anatomy, study areas or zones of the body. In this case are preferred attention to the location, arrangement of parts or organs from one another (composition and form a regional body / in certain areas).
c. Applied Anatomy, which explained the science that is associated with practical needs such as for purposes of diagnosis, surgery, eye livestock (exteriur) and so forth.

         In anatomy there is a consensus that the Latin language is used as the language of the world for mentions of terms. However, in many countries other than the Latin language as the main language of anatomy, also used the national language of each country. For example the use of languages ​​other than Latin anatomical terminology is the terminology in the English language in the book "The Anatomy of The Domestic Animals" by Sisson and Grossman.
        
To mention a place or location of the animal body parts, used general terms and specifically designated in certain areas. These terms mean pointing direction at the same time. Some examples of terms frequently used are:

FOR PART OF BODY:
dorsal = toward the back, top (dorsum = back)
ventral = direction of the abdomen, lower (Venter = stomach)
Cranial = direction of the head, front / anterior / caput
caudal = direction of the tail, rear / posterior

These terms are generally also applies to part / organ / body tool with the same sense.

FOR SECTION HEAD:
oral = oral directions, forward (oris = mouth)
aboral = away from the direction of the mouth, to the rear
apical = menujua toward the top, top
nuchal = toward the direction of neck, back 
nasal = direction toward the nose (nasum = nose)

FOR MEMBERS OF MOTION (EXTREMITAS cranial, caudalis AND WING):
proximal = close to the body, above
distal = away from the body, under
dorsal = back leg front and back, forward direction
volar = back side of the front leg (Vola = palm of the hand) / palmar
plantar = back side of the rear foot (planta = sole of foot)
ulnar = outer side of the front legs (= lateral)radial = side of the front legs (= medial)
fibular = outer side of hind legs (= lateral)
tibial = side of the rear leg (= medial)
prone = indicates a position that led to the dorsal or to the dorsum of the body / extremitas dorsal surface.
pronation = indicates the direction of motion of turning to prone position
supine = position leads to the ventral body / volar / plantar surface extremitas
supination = indicates the direction of motion around to the supine position

ORIENTATION FOR AREAS IN THE BODY:
lateral = median body away from the field, outside
medial = near field of the median body, inside, middle
median = the middle area of ​​the body, splitting the body into two symmetrical parts (left and right)
sagittal = parallel to the median body
transverse = perpendicular to the median field, cutting the axis perpendicular to the body as well (divides the body into two, front and rear)
horizontal / frontal = median perpendicular to the field, parallel to the axis of the body (body divides into two upper and lower)

ORIENTATION FOR A DIFFERENT DIRECTION
dexter = right
Sinister = left
External = outer
internus = inner
profundus = away from the surface, inside, near the center
superficialis = close to the surface, the outer
ecto = (outer layer outside)
endo, ento = in (layers of)
meso = middle (middle layer)
epi = above, cover ----- epidermis, epicardium, epicondylus, epiphyse
peri = around, about ----- peritricha, peritoneum, periosteum, etc.
he = separator, spreading ----- diaphyse, diaphragm
hypo = under ------ hypotonis, hypotension, hypodermic
hyper = above ------ hypertonis, hypertension
base = base, the base under the base ---- cranii osis, basis occipitalis
apex = top, top margo = edge (marginal = edge)

VARIOUS designation Establishment / BUILDING:
Facies = face, surface, face
Facial = including surface
Fascia = sheets, dressing, muscle membrane
Fascicular = file
Fossa = fossa (depressio, impressio = dent because of pressure)
Fovea = a rounded indentation
Small foramen = hole or door in the bone (plural - foramina)
long  sucus = dent, groove
Canalis = pipeline
Canaliculus = a line of small bone
cavum = cavity
Caverna = cavity (cavernosus = hollow-cavity, sectional)
Caput = head
Capitulum = protrusion and small spherical joints (Latin = head)
Condylus = head joints (Greek = bracelet)
Epicondylus = assertion that no joints, placing themselves above the condyle
Collum = neck
Crista = frame, sharp edges, protruding bone in the form of a comb line width and is an area between two pieces of bone edge
Sinus = arch, a small cavity, the porch (which have a cavity filled with air exit = anthrum)
Spina = thorn, a sharp protrusion
Spinal = Taju, highlighting among others:
Processus spinosus = form of spina (spine)
Spinal stiloideus = length as the pole (Greek = pole)
Spinal kondiloideus = like pulley
Spinal coronoideus = triangular (corona = crown)
Spinal coracoideus = like beak of birds (crows)
Fissures = crack, tear
Incisura = slices
Tuber, tuberosity = big hump (round-shaped protrusion of bone with medium size)
Tuberculum = small cauliflower
Angle = angle
Trochanter = protrusion of bone that round with a very large size (latin = runner)
Linea (line) = protrusion of bone in the form of a flat line
Labium (lip) = edge of a crest
Trokhlea = part of the bone joints in the form of a pulley (Trokhlea = pulley)
Malleolus = protrusion of a large bone (like a hammer) at the lower end of tibia / fibula
Lingula = protrusion of small bones such as the tongue
Cornua = protrusion of bone, such as long horn
Ramus (branch) = a large branch from the main body
Alae = wing-shaped protrusion of bone
Hiatus = a door
Hammulus = a protrusion of bone that is shaped like a crocheted
Lamina = a thin plate of bone
Skuama = bone-shaped slab of thin scales.
 

Minggu, 01 Mei 2011

My Profilo

         My Name Is Diyantoro, DVM. I'm a Veterinarian. do you know a Vets Job???? What is this job like???
          If you like animals and science, you might want to be a veterinarian. Veterinarians take care of sick and injured animals. Like doctors, they perform surgery and give medicine to animal.
          When an animal is sick, vets examine it to find out why. They look for clues in the way an animal looks, acts, and smells. For example, if a dog is walking in a strange way, that might be because it hurt its leg. Vets need to look carefully because animals can't say what is wrong.
          Vets also give blood tests, x-rays, and other tests, looking for clues about an animal's illnesses. Then, vets decide what kind of medicine or treatment the animal needs. Vets prevent problems by giving vaccinations and check-ups and fixing teeth. They also teach owners how to feed and train their animals. Vets use special tools to perform surgeries. They fix broken bones, take out tumors, replace knees and hips, and more. Vets also treat and cover wounds. They need to be ready to see blood, organs, and bones. Most vets treat small pets, including dogs, cats, and gerbils. But a few focus on large animals, such as sheep, cows, and horses. Large-animal vets usually drive to ranches and stables where their patients live. They check for infections in the animals and give advice to the animals' owners. Often, they help when the animals give birth. A few vets work in zoos and aquariums. They care for zebras, sharks, and other wild creatures. In addition to helping sick animals, vets can work as animal inspectors, checking to make sure that farm animals are healthy and that their living spaces are clean. Another option for vets is doing scientific research. They try to make new medicines. Vets work in many different places. Vets who do research work in clean, dry laboratories. Most vets who take care of small pets work in animal clinics and hospitals. A few work in large hospitals with the most advanced equipment. Many vets supervise technicians and assistants. And many own their own business and are their own boss. Because animals can get sick at anytime, vets often work long hours. Those in group practices may take turns working weekends or evenings and dealing with emergencies. Many vets like their work because they can be with animals every day. But because some animals are scared or hurt, they sometimes try to bite, kick, or scratch their vets. Vets who work with large animals often work outside in all kinds of weather. This work can sometimes be dirty.
My Profile :
       I studied at the faculty of veterinary medicine Airlangga Univesity. I started studying in September 2007 and has completed graduate of veterinary medicine in March 2011. But there are many professional program should I take to get a veterinarinarian during 1 year. I studied anatomy veteriner as a basis for the application of science to another. I also learned about the science of parasitology veteriner, microbilogy (bacterial and viral) veteriner, animal reproduction,animal feed, Veterinary public health, Embryology, Farmacotherapy, and others. I also need to take Islamic religious education, citizenship, and English classes. I also get experience by working at Surabaya Zoo, Animal hospitals, Shelters and BBIB (Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan) Singosari. In veterinary college, i learn more science. I also learn how to work with animals, do surgery, and do laboratory tests with microscopes and other equipment. 
Where are a veterinarian can get job ?
       Veterinarians worked for clinics, hospital, government, research companies, universities as lecturer, animal food companies, and zoos, etc.
What about the future??
         Vets are expected to have excellent job opportunities. And the number of jobs for vets is expected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations through 2018. This is because people love their pets very much, and they will be willing to pay lots of money for medical care. Jobs taking care of small animals are expected to increase quickly, especially jobs taking care of cats and dogs. There will be more jobs for vets who can have advanced training and can give special kinds of care, such as dentistry. Jobs taking care of large animals, such as horses and cows, are growing more slowly. But there will still be lots of jobs for vets who can do that work.

Jumat, 29 April 2011

Keadaan Darurat Pada Kucing (part Dehidrasi)

DEHIDRASI

          Dehidrasi terjadi ketika ada kehilangan cairan yang berlebihan dari tubuh kucing. Bukan hanya air yang hilang, tetapi juga elektrolit seperti natrium, kalium dan klorida, yang penting untuk fungsi tubuh normal. Dehidrasi biasanya merupakan gejala dari penyakit lain - satu yang membuat penyakit yang jauh lebih buruk. Rehidrasi (menggantikan air dan elektrolit) dengan demikian menjadi bagian penting dari rencana banyak perawatan.
 
Apa yang harus diperhatikan ??

          
Tanda klasik untuk dehidrasi adalah "tenting kulit". Jika Anda mengambil sejumput kulit di atas bahu kucing dan menarik lembut, kulit seharusnya sehat kembali ke tempatnya ketika dilepaskan. Sebagai kucing yang dehidrasi, kulit kembali seperti semula jauh lebih lambat. Jika sejumput kulit tetap tidak kembali ke tempat semula, itu adalah tanda dehidrasi parah. Kucing itu harus diperiksakan ke seorang dokter hewan segera.

Tanda-tanda lain yang dapat dicatat meliputi:
* Kering, gusi menjembel
* Kelesuan
* Menolak untuk makan 
* Gejala yang berhubungan dengan masalah kesehatan yang mendasari
 
Penyebab utama
       
Konsumsi air yang tidak memadai atau kehilangan cairan yang berlebihan di dehidrasi. Muntah, diare, demam, trauma, pitam panas, diabetes, dan berbagai penyakit lain, semua dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi.
 
Segera Perawatan
       
Karena sebagian besar kasus dehidrasi adalah hasil dari masalah lain, bahwa masalah harus ditangani secara langsung. Jika kucing dapat minum, menempatkan dia di tempat yang sejuk dan tenang dengan air dingin segar. Kucing dapat didorong untuk minum dengan menggunakan air mancur untuk kucing, meletakkan jus dari tuna kalengan atau salmon di dalam air, atau menggunakan daging yang beraroma air dan suplemen elektrolit yang tersedia di beberapa toko hewan peliharaan.
      
Jika Anda sudah familiar dengan teknik memberikan cairan subkutan (bawah kulit) dan memiliki pemberian yang tepat, Anda dapat memberikan rata-rata kucing dewasa sampai dengan 300 ml larutan Laktat Ringer di bawah kulit. Jangan lakukan ini dalam kasus luka bakar dan trauma. Jika Anda tidak yakin tentang jenis cairan yang tepat untuk digunakan atau jumlah yang memberi, hubungi dokter hewan Anda.
 
Perawatan Hewan
Diagnosa
        Sejarah kucing Anda, tenting kulit, dan kering, gusi menjembel adalah parameter pertama kali digunakan oleh dokter hewan Anda untuk menentukan dehidrasi. Tes darah dapat dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi dehidrasi dalam beberapa kasus. Dokter hewan Anda juga akan melakukan tes seperti yang diperlukan untuk menentukan apa masalah medis mungkin telah menyebabkan dehidrasi.

 
Pengobatan
         
Tergantung pada penyebab dan beratnya dehidrasi, dokter hewan Anda dapat memberikan cairan di bawah kulit, yang hanya membutuhkan waktu beberapa menit, atau rawat kucing Anda dan memberikan cairan intravena selama 1 sampai 2 hari. Dokter hewan Anda juga akan mulai pengobatan untuk masalah mendasar yang menyebabkan kucing Anda untuk menjadi dehidrasi.
 
Penyebab lainnya
        
Ketidakpuasan dengan air atau mangkuk air mungkin menjaga kucing Anda dari minum. Terkadang kurungan di tempat tanpa akses ke air juga dapat akhirnya menyebabkan dehidrasi.
 
Pencegahan
         
Pastikan kucing anda memiliki akses mudah ke banyak air segar. Beberapa kucing lebih menyukai air yang mengalir. Oleh karena itu, menginvestasikan  kedalam air mancur yang dirancang untuk kucing mungkin bermanfaat. Beberapa kucing punya kumis yang sensitif dan akan lebih suka minum dari mangkuk, lebar dan relatif dangkal yang tidak menggosok kumis.


Keadaan Darurat Pada Kucing (part Asma)

Asma

Asma dan Asosiasi Penyakit heartworm pernapasan pada Kucing           
             Seperti halnya pada manusia, kucing juga bisa menderita asma. Ketika flare up (marah), kucing Anda akan batuk dan kesulitan bernafas (dyspnea). Asma pada dasarnya adalah peradangan paru-paru karena alergi. Cacing hati yang belum dewasa juga dapat menyebabkan kondisi serupa yang disebut Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD). Gejala dan pengobatan, oleh karena itu, sangat mirip untuk kedua asma dan HARD.

Apa yang harus diperhatikan ??
     * Batuk    
     * Kesulitan bernapas     
     * Mengi (kadang-kadang)     
     * Kebiruan atau keunguan gusi
     * Menyembunyikan atau enggan untuk bergerak

Penyebab utama       
        Iritasi pada paru-paru oleh alergen yang tak dikenal menyebabkan asma. Demikian pula, H.A.R.D. adalah karena iritasi yang disebabkan oleh cacing hati belum dewasa yang mati di paru-paru.

Segera Perawatan        
         Ada perawatan  yang bisa dilakukan di rumah. Cara terbaik dengan membawanya ke dokterhewan segera. Gunakan langkah-langkah berikut ketika membawa kucing Anda :
   
1. Minimalkan stres dan menjaganya tetap tenang.
   
2. Untuk tidak membatasi bernapas, gunakan carrier atau kotak.
   
3. Jika kucing Anda telah sebelumnya didiagnosis dengan asma dan dokter hewan memberikan resep obat asma inhalasi, kemudian menggunakannya sesuai petunjuk dan hubungi dokter hewan Anda. JANGAN menggunakan inhaler Anda sendiri pada kucing Anda.

Perawatan Hewan

Diagnosa           
          Dokter hewan Anda mungkin memberikan oksigen pada kucing Anda saat kedatangan jika ia sedang berjuang untuk bernapas. Setelah kucing Anda sedikit rileks, dan dokter hewan Anda telah menyelesaikan pemeriksaan fisik, X-ray akan diambil dari dada. Prosedur diagnostik lain mungkin termasuk tes darah, termasuk tes untuk cacing hati, cacing hati meskipun tes pada kucing yang tidak berguna seperti pada anjing. Dalam beberapa kasus dokter hewan Anda mungkin ingin mendapatkan sampel sel dan cairan dari dalam paru-paru, yang membutuhkan 'lavage' dari saluran udara. Dalam pengujian, dokter hewan Anda mungkin tidak dapat membedakan antara penyakit heartworm dan asma.

Pengobatan          
         Jika diperlukan, kucing Anda akan ditempatkan pada oksigen sampai ia bernapas lebih mudah. Bronkodilator dan kortikosteroid kemungkinan akan digunakan untuk membuka saluran udara dan meringankan peradangan di paru-paru. Biasanya, kucing Anda akan dikirim pulang setelah ia bernapas normal dan dignosa sementara telah dibuat.

Sayangnya, saat ini belum ada pengobatan untuk penyakit heartworm pada kucing.  

Penyebab lainnya         
           Kondisi lain yang mempengaruhi paru-paru dan membuat kesulitan bernapas termasuk tumor, cacing paru-paru, benda asing, dan pneumonia.

Hidup dan Manajemen

           Kucing Anda mungkin akan diberikan glukokortikoid untuk membantu menjaga peradangan di bawah kontrol. Dokter hewan akan membahas penggunaan bronkodilator dihirup seperti asma terbuterol untuk episode masa depan. Jika masalah ini disebabkan oleh cacing hati, gejala akan sembuh pada waktunya, selama kucing anda tidak menjadi infeksi baru. Dia akan harus menerima perlakuan yang sama dengan kucing menderita asma, serta mulai mengambil obat pencegahan heartworm.
 

Pencegahan
         Untuk mencegah HARD, kucing anda seharusnya pada pencegahan cacing hati , bahkan jika ia adalah seorang kucing indoor (rumahan). Nyamuk, yang merupakan pembawa larva heartworm, bisa masuk ke rumah.
         Asma, di sisi lain, lebih sulit untuk dicegah, meskipun Anda dapat mencoba untuk mencegah asma flare-up di kucing anda dengan cara yang sama yang Anda lakukan untuk penderita asma manusia: HEPA menggunakan filter udara, meminimalkan karpet, berhenti merokok, dll.